Learn About Molecular and Empirical Formulas

Find out About Molecular and Empirical Formulas The sub-atomic equation is a statement of the number and sort of iotas that are available in a solitary particle of a substance. It speaks to the real recipe of an atom. Addendums after component images speak to the quantity of iotas. On the off chance that there is no addendum, it implies one particle is available in the compound. The exact equation is otherwise called the easiest recipe. The exact recipe is the proportion of components present in the compound. The addendums in the recipe are the quantities of molecules, prompting an entire number proportion between them. Instances of Molecular and Empirical Formulas The atomic equation of glucose is C6H12O6. One particle of glucose contains 6 molecules of carbon, 12 iotas of hydrogen and 6 molecules of oxygen. In the event that you can isolate the entirety of the numbers in aâ molecular equation by some incentive to rearrange them further, at that point the exact or straightforward recipe will be not quite the same as the sub-atomic equation. The observational recipe for glucose is CH2O. Glucose has 2 moles of hydrogen for each mole of carbon and oxygen. The recipes for water and hydrogen peroxide are: Water Molecular Formula: H2OWater Empirical Formula: H2OHydrogen Peroxide Molecular Formula: H2O2Hydrogen Peroxide Empirical Formula: HO On account of water, the atomic equation and experimental recipe are the equivalent. Finding Empirical and Molecular Formula from Percent Composition Percent (%) organization (component mass/compound mass) X 100 On the off chance that you are given the percentâ composition of a compound, here are the means for finding the exact equation: Expect you have a 100 gramsâ sample. This makes the figuring basic on the grounds that the rates will be equivalent to the quantity of grams. For instance, on the off chance that 40% of the mass of a compound is oxygen, at that point you ascertain you have 40 grams of oxygen.Convert grams to moles. Observational recipe is a correlation of the quantity of moles of a compound so you need your qualities in moles. Utilizing the oxygen model once more, there are 16.0 grams per mole of oxygen so 40 grams of oxygen would be 40/16 2.5 moles of oxygen.Compare the quantity of moles of every component to the most modest number of moles you got and separate by the littlest number.Round your proportion of moles to the closest entire number as long as it is near an entire number. As it were, you can gather 1.992 together to 2, however you cant round 1.33 to 1. Youll need to perceive basic proportions, for example, 1.333 being 4/3. For certain intensifies, the most reduced number of particles of a component probably won't be 1! In the event that the most minimal number of moles is four-thirds, you should increase all proportions by 3 to dispose of the division. Compose the exact recipe of the compound. The proportion numbers are addendums for the components. Finding the atomic recipe is just conceivable on the off chance that you are given the molar mass of the compound. At the point when you have the molar mass you can discover the proportion of the real mass of the compound to the experimental mass. On the off chance that the proportion is one (similarly as with water, H2O), at that point the exact equation and sub-atomic recipe are the equivalent. In the event that the proportion is 2 (similarly as with hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), at that point duplicate the addendums of the experimental equation by 2 to get the right atomic recipe. two.

Man Vs Machine Essay Topics - Can You Be Excited About Writing One?

Man Vs Machine Essay Topics - Can You Be Excited About Writing One?Most candidates do not expect to be essay writers because they are intimidated by the idea of writing and expect to be an expert on a subject they are not. On the other hand, writing a man vs machine essay topic is something that can make you a successful writer and an author who will write on a variety of subjects that will interest a wide range of readers.Man vs machine essay topics are an excellent way to get students who are interested in writing to take on one of the most difficult subjects they are likely to tackle in school. Writing in this format is a lot like writing a normal essay, but instead of filling in the correct amount of spaces with facts and information, the main point of the essay will be based on a debate between a man and a machine. The machine will argue the merits of its own existence, while the man will come to the conclusion that it does not exist.In addition to the fact that these essay topi cs can help a student improve his or her writing skills, these short essays can also be very fun to write. It may be the first time that the student will try to write a good debate because they will have never tried it before. They will be able to use this opportunity to practice their skills and become better essay writers. The interesting factor about the topic is that it is both entertaining and informative at the same time.Man vs machine essay topics also present the problem of introducing subjects that many students do not like to read about. If they were already familiar with topics such as intelligent machines and computers, they will be likely to be interested in writing about a man vs machine debate. This makes the essays easier to write because there are no real surprises to the reader. Students will find it easier to simply accept the premise that the man does not exist, even if they find the argument interesting.The fact that this format of essay topics can be used for m any subjects makes it possible for all kinds of students to use the format. No matter what type of student you are, it is possible for you to write a man vs machine essay topic that will be interesting to read because it will be different from anything you have ever written. As long as you are able to be imaginative, and do not limit yourself to one topic, you will be able to write a unique essay that is memorable.Man vs machine essay topics are also a great way to increase your sales. Students who have never written anything like this before will find it easy to convince their teacher to let them write an essay based on this format. Since sales do not usually come from hard-to-read essays, students will have a lot of fun working with the assignment and will end up having a lot of fun reading the work. Most students will be eager to use the material for personal projects and will find that it increases their sales even more.Man vs machine essay topics can be written using a variety of different styles. Many students who are beginning to write essays have trouble coming up with a good style for the assignment and some instructors may make the assignment harder to write because of this. However, since these essays have become so popular, instructors have developed many different ways to teach students how to write this format.This means that you can spend more time writing the essay than trying to come up with a unique style and can therefore try more different styles to get better results. Writing an essay based on a man vs machine debate is a good way to work on skills that will help a student become a successful writer.

Romeo And Juliet-Comparison Essay Essays - , Term Papers

Romeo And Juliet-Comparison Essay Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Romeo and Juliet deciphered by Zeffirelli are two renditions of an exemplary story of two youthful sweethearts. In perusing Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and survey Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet one gets mindful of numerous contrasts between them. Despite the fact that the fundamental storyline continues as before, the distinctions are self-evident. These distinctions can be found in the setting, characters and their addresses, and the zenith of the story. These contrasts between the forms produce two altogether various translations of the story. Zeffirelli changed the story by changing significant scene by utilization of discarding characters or exchanging the request for the occasions. For instance in Act V, when the Prince gave his last discourse, Friar Laurence should be available to give his own admission, yet was forgotten about by Zeffirelli's rendition. This left the clarification of why the darling's were really dead for the watchers to address. Shakespeare had Montague raise a sculpture in Juliet's respect, meaning the finish of their quarrel. Zeffirelli, then again, picked uniquely to show the two rulers together creation for a more vulnerable end. The oversight of characters from significant scene was not by any means the only change noted between the two. Zeffirelli additionally took wonderful permit in the making of Romeo and Juliet. He gave his lines to characters when in Shakespeare they were spoken by another. This was appeared during the gathering scene, Act I, scene V when Lord Capulet was to reproach Tybalt and call him?.......saucy boy.........? The line was rather given to Lady Capulet. This trade of lines between the characters doesn't generally help in the comprehension of the story. The utilization of adding lines to characters made various characters and gave the characters more noteworthy knowledge than in Shakespeare's rendition. It included understanding the character's thought processes more. Zeffirelli additionally had some positive contrasts than that of Shakespeare. Since the setting was in a similar timespan as Shakespeare's version the peruser could envision the earth and dress of the period. This made the characters and story more life-like than attempting to picture it from a composed page. Zeffirelli additionally ?fleshed-out? the characters, giving them more profundity and feeling than in Romeo and Juliet. This is indicated when the medical attendant goes to Juliet and discovers her ?dead.? She comes up short on Juliet's chamber shouting and thrashing her arms in a free for all. The crowd had the option to connect with the characters and their feelings by observing Romeo and Juliet outwardly, additionally making the language increasingly justifiable. A case of this is when Romeo executes himself and Juliet sees him, hears watchmen, and you can see Juliet wild eyed. Accordingly, the scene is made increasingly complete, making the crowd experience more prominent pr essure than perusing the play. Despite the fact that Zeffirelli gave more definition to certain characters, Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was progressively charming. In spite of the fact that he didn't give as much data concerning what was going on, he permitted the peruser more opportunity to decipher the circumstances all alone. Without the peruser having readShakespeare's Romeo and Juliet the vast majority of the imagery in Zeffirelli's adaptation would not have been comprehended. The two unique creators utilized an assortment of procedures to change the story or to have the crowd comprehend the siuations. Despite the fact that they may appear to be changed now and again, the storyline never shows signs of change, it generally stays around two youthful darlings who heartbreakingly bite the dust because of quick judgment calls.

Imitation the Greatest Form of Learning

   It was an average weekday morning. I was preparing to leave for work, when my niece of just under two years old came scampering into my room full of her morning energy. She stopped in her tracks when she noticed the various makeup supplies found on my dresser. Of course, I always seize an opportunity to score some â€Å"auntie points,† so I handed her a spare brush and an empty foundation canister. Shortly after receiving the requested items, she made her way to a mirror and immediately started trying to apply foundation to her small cheeks as she has often watched her mom and I do. The grip of the brush was new to her hand, and this meant the movement was a bit awkward. Thinking about holding the brush and the foundation at the same time and keeping the foundation level was challenging for her; the idea of putting it on her face and not on her lips was a bit preposterous. I watched and laughed before I came to a realization: She was solidifying a notion I have heard since I have started working at IEW. â€Å"Model and imitation† resounds within the walls of the IEW offices and classrooms. It is echoed in our podcasts, repeated in articles, and communicated in phone calls. This idea seems to be pretty logical in most areas of life. If you want your child to learn to talk, you talk to them. If you want them to treat people well, you treat people with respect. If you want them to learn how to write their own music, you first give them written music to learn from. Makes sense, right? If so, then why do we expect our students to succeed in writing by giving them a blank piece of paper and a command to write something new—something no one has thought of before? The command to be unique is daunting enough to any adult with a brain filled with life’s experiences. But, ask this of a child who has so little knowledge to pull from, and the task immediately becomes as scary and unconquerable as the monsters they imagine under their beds—unknown, larger than life, and intimidating. But to get rid of the monsters hiding with the cobwebs, one simply has to turn on a flashlight to see these fears dissipate. The writing equivalent to the flashlight is taking away the blank page of unknowns and providing tools to help plan and execute the adventure of learning to write. The system of model and imitation works for the very foundational skills of learning how to speak, so there is no need to try to find a new approach when it comes to writing. That is why IEW does not begin teaching writing by slipping a giant white piece of paper in front of a fourth grader (or even an eleventh grader) with an ambiguous prompt about how their summer vacation went. Instead, it starts by giving them exactly what to write about: sentence by sentence, fact by fact, question by question. Students are first taught the how to write before the what to write. Of course, the system of writing is modeled continually by the teacher. From the very beginning of the process to the end product, we believe there is no such thing as too much help. Ever. My niece's grip on the brush was awkward and out of place. My writing students’ papers at the beginning of this year had awkward sentences and poorly chosen -ly adverbs. The makeup was new to one, the words were unfamiliar to the others, but this is natural. It is normal. Doing anything the first time (or the fifteenth time!) might just not be as well done as a person who has already mastered the art, but it is in the process that it smooths out. It is in the continuous study and practice of the art that it becomes second nature. It’s true: imitation is the greatest form of learning—it is the greatest process to achieving the perfect product.    Michelle Robinson started out working in Production and as a marketing assistant, but now enjoys working with the Customer Service Department. Having been homeschooled her whole life, Michelle had the opportunity to compete in a homeschool speech and debate league. Because she is a  Latin scholar, Michelle has been asked to teach that subject to the local homeschooling community. Michelle is passionate about photography, her friends, and her faith. Log in or register to post commentsMichelle Robinsons blog Log in or register to post comments

Inside Out By Pete Docter And Ronnie Del Carmen Essay

The mind is a universal mystery that will forever be an ongoing adventure. For centuries, scientists have been baffled by the complexity of human thoughts and the functions of the brain. As scientists begin to focus on children and the complexity of a child’s growing mind, the world is able to watch not only the child grow, but also the brain grow as well. In Inside Out, Pete Docter and Ronnie del Carmen exemplify multiple physiological development theories and concepts in a young girl by the name of Riley who moves from a small hockey town in Minnesota to the big city of San Francisco. From start to finish, the audience watches Riley grow from a newborn baby into a blossoming twelve year old girl. One of the first developmental processes that appears is the aspect of easy temperament (256). Riley is a joyous little girl who promotes an excited and positive attitude quite constantly. The first portrayal of anger comes at the dinner table, but it is quickly deterred by a quick airplane technique that grasp the attention of the young toddler. The positive outlook and generally cheerful attitude is a slight but insightful indicator of an easy temperament child (256). Her entire disposition throughout the entire film stays majoritily positive. As we will later see in the upcoming paragraphs, proper parenting and emotional responses help lead to the easy and positive temperament of Riley. Moreover, a child is entered into this world without any expectation of what its future

Literacies in Context - 1512 Words

EDEE 400 – Assignment 1 Literacy in schools today not only involves teaching students to read and write, but is also heavily focused on giving students the necessary vocabulary and skills to understand different text types according to the key learning areas (KLAs) they are undertaking. While traditional ideas of literacy often ignored the diverse needs of students, contemporary notions of literacy are constantly evolving in response to changes in situational†¦show more content†¦Language systems develop in order to meet the needs of a particular culture. In meeting the needs of a culture, text can be identified into a genre Adam Singer - ­Ã¢â‚¬  203149600 EDEE 400 – Assignment 1 (Derewianka Jones, 2012, p.8). Economic texts types (genre) used in schools are often in the form of information reports, explanations or arguments. Teachers and students use what is known as a ‘metalanguage’ around these certain text types. ‘Metalanguage’ creates a shared language for talking about text types and becomes a necessary tool for when students move on to new registers (Derewianka Jones, 2012, p.8). Whilst it is important for students to have a strong grasp of terms, concepts and relationships in order to answer the multiple choice andShow MoreRelated Educational Literacy in the Context of Environmental Ethics Essay examples3584 Words   |  15 PagesEducational Literacy in the Context of Environmental Ethics ABSTRACT: I explore the concept of literacy and the role it might play in environmental ethics. One of the goals of environmental ethics is to describe and contribute to the creation of an ecologically responsible culture. The creation of such a culture requires the development of knowledge and abilities that will help sustain such a culture. 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The data presented in this article is comprised of quantitative assessments of financial literacy in a population of 79 students one and four years after their participation in a financial literacy education course. The data is presented and interpreted in both visual/graphic fashions and in textual examinationsRead MoreEssay on Critical Literacy and Pedagogy1412 Words   |  6 Pagesget our knowledge through, critical literacy is a valuable tool and ability that should be recalled and available for all readers. More specific, it should be transferred by teachers to students in all educational environment. It is an important ability for students to have towards texts. And redefining texts to any devices or materials that we are getting the knowledge from, is the first step toward understanding critical literacy. Beside how critical literacy spreads the awareness of looking at

Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic. Answer: A mission statement characterizes what an organization is by nature, and the reason it exists. The mission statement ought to characterize who the essential clients are, recognize the products or services delivered, and depict the area of work. Facebook- Give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together[1]. Walmart- We save people money so they can live better. Google- Toorganize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful. Among the above three mission statements the statement which I find to be the best and most effective is the Facebooks mission statement. This is because the statement not only includes the scope of work for Facebook but also states the responsibilities it wishes to perform. The mission statement states that the main objective of the company is to empower people of sharing what they want and building communities, that is the scope and responsibility of the company. In the next part the mission statement declares its objective of bringing the world closer together. This is the larger objective of the company which also expresses its value and culture. The chosen company in this case is Apple Inc. which is one of the leading technology company of the world. Threat of new entrants- This threat is moderate in the case of Apple Inc. There is less chance of new players to come in due to high requirement of capital and high brand development cost. Rivalry among existing firms- There are many competitors who are aggressively trying to capture the market. Samsung, Sony, Motorola and other brands are using every opportunity to compete. Threat of substitute products/services- This threat is not very high because the products which are available are not qualitatively as superior as Apple. Apple uses very advanced technology and high quality hardware[2]. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of the buyers in the case of technological devices is quite high, because customers have the option to change the brand whenever they wish to. Bargaining power of suppliers- Apples suppliers do not have much clout in influencing the decision making of the organization, as there are plenty of options for Apple. There are plenty of big suppliers willing to work for Apple. Relative power of other stakeholders- The Government of the countries where Apple operates have significant impact on the company through its law enforcement bodies. Communities and interest groups also exert influence. References: Businessinsider.in. "Facebook Has A New Mission Statement: 'To Bring The World Closer Together'".Business Insider, 2018. https://www.businessinsider.in/Facebook-has-a-new-mission-statement-to-bring-the-world-closer-together/articleshow/59274871.cms. Lehman, Glen, and Colin Haslam. "Accounting for the Apple Inc business model: Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic and social consequences." InAccounting Forum, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 245-248. Elsevier, 2013. [1] Businessinsider.in, "Facebook Has A New Mission Statement: 'To Bring The World Closer Together'",Business Insider, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.in/Facebook-has-a-new-mission-statement-to-bring-the-world-closer-together/articleshow/59274871.cms. [2] Lehman, Glen, and Colin Haslam. "Accounting for the Apple Inc business model: Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic and social consequences." InAccounting Forum, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 245-248. Elsevier, 2013.

Psychological Concepts in Runaway Love Essay Example

Psychological Concepts in Runaway Love Paper Song Runaway Love Analysis The song our group chose to analyze and apply sociological concepts is Runaway Love by Ludacris featuring Mary J. Blige. This music video talks a lot about the struggles that some teenage girls face throughout life and their solution to solve it: running away. Throughout the video Ludacris, the storyteller, or rapper, talks about parents utilizing drugs, ignoring and neglecting their child, having to decide whether they can tell their parent they’re pregnant and children running away to avoid their problems and tormentors. The song was released in 2006 and is a little old, but many of the issues addressed in the video still happen today. In the first verse, Ludacris talks about Lisa. Lisa is a nine year old girl, who is growing up in an environment where she is being neglected and abused. I’ve chosen three concepts that I feel represent her story and describe what is going on. For my first concept, I was able to apply the concept of anomie. I chose this concept because Lisa doesn’t feel comfortable in her current social environment. Lisa has never met her family and doesn’t know her father, and her mother is never around. When her mother is around it is always with a strange man she is bringing home late at night. These men always end up fighting and arguing with Lisa’s mother, making her feel even more lost (Ludacris, 0:49). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Concepts in Runaway Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Concepts in Runaway Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Concepts in Runaway Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the video, this can be portrayed when Lisa is on her bed laying down and staring at the ceiling with a blank expression or watching her mother being abused through the kitchen doorway. The next concept is sexual harassment. In the video we see that Lisa is raped by one of the men that her mother brings home. While her mother is asleep, the man sneaks into her room and rapes her. In the song it is told that she tries to resist, but is beat by her rapist (Ludacris, 0:54). This is the unwelcome sexual advancement. Domestic violence is also prevalent.

P.T.S.D. The Cause and Cure

P.T.S.D. The Cause and Cure Gamez 1David GamezMarch 4, 2014ENG 354Short EssayP.T.S.D.-Cause and CurePosttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder, which may occur after an individual has undergone extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or death. The cause is unmistakable. For those individuals of Jewish decent in Europe during the early to mid 20th century, the Holocaust was deemed the leading source for PTSD. In a world full of pain and suffering, torture, rape, malnutrition, disease, filth, death-in a world full of darkness, it becomes extremely arduous to distance oneself from an inescapable reality. The trauma left many silent, some by death, others because they felt language had betrayed them. Language simply seemed insufficient to express the horrors the victims experienced while encompassed in "darkness". What words could possibly describe the reality of the experiences? Words themselves became suspected, doubted. For many, silence overcame their story, and they took it to the ir grave.Regions of the brain affected by PTSD and stress.This was not the case for the old woman in And The Rat Laughed. In Nava Semel's, And The Rat Laughed, the old woman successively alleviates the pain from her traumatic reality by resorting to the art of story telling.The cure, according to psychiatrists, is psychotherapy, or "talk" therapy. The kind of psychotherapy seen in And The Rat Laughed is exposure therapy, and it involves using mental imagery, writing and/or revisiting the event where the trauma occurred in order to reduce the fear associated with the trauma.After a long life of silence, the old woman struggles to contain the pain, and against much resistance (supplied by her own will), she acquiesces to a request from her granddaughter asking her to recount the truth of her survival story. However, the storytelling does not begin instantaneously. The first page of the novel...

The Influence of Deweys Philosophies in Modern Americas Education Research Paper

The Influence of Deweys Philosophies in Modern Americas Education - Research Paper Example This report declares that Dewey supported an interdisciplinary syllabus. This syllabus centered on linking many subjects and enabled students to enter and exit classrooms independently as they search for and pursue their interests and build their particular paths for gaining and applying knowledge. The teacher’s role in such a syllabus would be to act as an enabler more than an instructor. Dewey argued that the teacher’s role was to detect the interests of students, watch the directions they pursue naturally, and afterwards, act as an individual who assists in building problem-solving skills. This paper makes a conclusion that a teacher ought to convey context material information while students learn in groups. Conventionally, the classroom has been arranged with the teacher in front and students seated in rows. This model of classroom arrangements is practical in today’s education system and has been commonplace for decades. A teacher normally conveys information to a class, who then acquire and repeat it in a type of a written exam. In contrast, Dewey’s philosophy involves students learning in groups that were exploring various concepts under the teaching material. In Dewey’s education system, one would observe multiple dialogs a lot of cooperation. Although one might also observe a written exam, there may also be student assignments, slideshows, or other distinguished methods of assessment.

Contemporary Investigation Case Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Investigation Case Review - Essay Example The purpose of administrator is to advise the creditors on viable solutions like ending the administration and returning the companies control to board of directors, converting the administration into a creditors voluntary liquidation or have the company enter into Deed of Company Arrangement (â€Å"DOCA†) under Sec. 439C whereas the purpose of appointing the liquidator is wind up the affairs of the company by gathering its assets and distributing it to creditors and others whom the companies owe in any form resulting in deregistration of the company. (Marshall, 2006)1 Administrator is conferred with powers to exercise which were earlier exercised by the previous officers of the corporation whereas the liquidator is appointed through court with legal powers to officially or voluntarily winding up the company. (Tomasic,2 et.al. 2002,pp 743 & Marshal,3 2006) In regard to relation with forensic accountant, the administrator will be the in charge of the company and will required the forensic accountant to provide his expert opinion by determining the economic damages incurred till now whereas the liquidator will be performing the obligation of liquidation on the report of forensic accountant. Forensic accounting investigators is determined by the scope of work while find answers to the involvement, coconspirators, impact on financial statement, cause for deed, and ways to overcome the situation. The investigators should bear in mind that they are only to detect the fraud and put the facts on paper and submit the same to the in-charge officer. (Golden et.al. 2006, pp. 524)4 In order the investigate the company details regarding whether any fraudulent activity is performed and resulted in bankruptcy, a detailed and scientific plan is prepared for the purpose of investigation. Wolf Transport has history of around 26 years and therefore it is necessary to record each and

Persuasive Essay Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay Essay At least 11% of women smoke during pregnancy. Many of these women smoke without knowing the significant negative effects smoking has on their babies before, during, and after the pregnancy. When a woman smokes during pregnancy, she exposes her baby to dangerous chemicals such as tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and other poisonous chemicals that travels through the bloodstream and goes directly to the baby. Nicotine restricts the oxygen through the blood vessels throughout the body, including those leading to the umbilical cord. There are more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. Among these chemicals, there are life-threatening issues that can happen while smoking during a woman’s pregnancy and after the babies are born. Smoking while pregnant has many lasting effects on the mother as well as the child? On average, a smoker who smokes a pack a day will reduce about half a pound of baby weight. Stunning a baby’s growth while in the womb can have negative consequences that last a lifetime. With a baby being underweight at the time of birth could mean the baby’s lungs have not fully developed which would lead to their first few days or weeks of life on a respirator to help the baby breath. However, after the baby has the ability to breathe their still susceptible to asthma. The combined effect of premature delivery and low birth rate has shown ten percent of these babies suffer from Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome is when their lungs have not developed a normal surface tact coating and the air sacs collapse. One of the most serious effects and risks of smoking while pregnant is ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus. In all cases the baby will not live if this occurs there are not enough nutrients for a fetus to survive anywhere besides the womb. When the detection of an ectopic pregnancy is confirmed, it is treated through medication and surgery. In both cases it is termination of the baby to prevent possible death of both the baby and mother. Placental abruption is another occurrence that happens from smoking during pregnancy. It is the separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. The baby is deprived of oxygen and nutrients when a placental abruption is detected. The mother can also experience life-threatening bleeding. A stillbirth is the death of a fetus that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is also an occurrence that can happen from smoking during pregnancy. Stillbirth can be very painful emotionally because the baby still has to be delivered. After the pregnancy is over, and the baby has been delivered, the smoking may have still caused damage to the baby. Smoking during a pregnancy can have an effect on the baby’s brain. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are likely to have learning disorders, behavioral problems and relatively low IQ’s. Children of smokers also have less muscle mass and fatter than a child of a non- smoker. Cleft is a gap in the body structure that results from incomplete closing of a specific structure during development. Clefts that occur from smoking during pregnancy usually occur orally. Cleft lip is a complete opening at the lip extending into the bottom of the nose. Cleft palate is an opening at the front roof of the mouth extending to the back of the mouth. Smoking during pregnancy can also cause babies to be born prematurely. Premature birth is a serious health problem. Long-lasting disabilities such as breathing problems, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, lung problems, hearing, and vision loss are health problems that can occur from premature birth. Mothers who smoke during and after pregnancy are more likely of losing their babies to SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). SIDS is the sudden unexplained death of an infant younger than one year of age. Occurring without warning, SIDS can happen to babies who seem perfectly normal. In conclusion, once a baby is born with damages caused by smoking, it is too late. There is a lifetime of regret on the mother and the suffering of the child can be tremendous. Women should quit smoking before their baby is conceived. The sooner a woman quits smoking, the better her chances are of having a healthier pregnancy for herself and the baby. To quit smoking is a hard task to do, but the awareness of the effects of smoking during a pregnancy should persuade a woman to quit smoking before, during and after the pregnancy.

The Pursuit of Social & Religious Justice :: Essays Papers

The Pursuit of Social & Religious Justice The pursuit of social and religious justice has been part of our societal structure since the beginning of time. The most recent, large scale, attempt at the â€Å"purification† of the human race, in the ‘name’ of social/religious justice, was put into motion by Osama bin Laden, who caught the eyes of the world by having some of his followers kill thousands of American civilians. This event was a life changing experience for me. Watching an airplane crash into the second twin tower, before anyone had any idea what was happening on September 11, 2001 opened my eyes, and many others’ eyes, to the outside world; it made me wonder, â€Å"why?† It made me think about how the world sees America. This paper will not delineate why there are lunatics intent on the extermination of certain races, religious followers, or any other group of people; what it will do is explore the basic teachings of the most influential prophets of the three main mo notheistic religions, as well as discuss historical â€Å"Holy† wars, in an attempt to show that these proclaimed â€Å"Holy† wars are in fact political wars – and not within the practices of the basic religious beliefs. It will then offer some suggestions as to implementing positive future strategies for social/religious justice. In the very beginning, men did not worship any God, but merely envisioned some higher force, which influenced much of their life. As Karen Armstrong puts it,â€Å"...he is strangely absent from their daily lives: he has no special cult and is never depicted in effigy† [1]. As man evolved, so did his belief system. Before monotheism entered their lives, they worshipped idols, demi-gods and many gods who were believed to be a part of a unity shared among the gods, nature and mankind. The development of the three monotheist religions occurred in a sequential order. The first believed prophet was Moses, born around 800BC. Moses had lived a privileged life as the son of a royal Egyptian family. He was not originally accustomed to the worship of one God, known to some as Yahweh, but that changed one day as he herded his father-in-law’s sheep.

Health Priorities in Australia Essay

1. Using measures of epidemiology, investigate the health status of Australians. Health status is a holistic concept that is determined by more than the presence or absence of any disease. It is often summarised by life expectancy or self-assessed health status, and more broadly includes measures of functioning, physical illness, and mental wellbeing. Epidemiology is the study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes. The measures of epidemiology are: Mortality- refers to the number of deaths in a given population from a particular cause and/or over a period of time. Infant Mortality- refers to the number of infant deaths in the first year of life, per 1,000 live births. Morbidity- is the incidence or level of illness, disease or injury in a given population. Life Expectancy- is the length of time a person can expect to live. More specifically, it refers to the average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age, based on current death rates. In Australia, the median age of death among the entire population in 2007 was 80.5 years old. In 2011 that statistic had risen to 81.5 years old, an increase of one year to the average life. In both years the leading cause of death among Australians was circulatory diseases (diseases of the heart and blood vessels) and the second leading cause in both years was cancer. Although the percentage of cancer deaths rose from 29.2% proportion of totals deaths to 29.8% and the percentage of circulatory disease deaths dropped from 33.8% of the populations deaths down to 31%. In the past 100 years the infant mortality rate as decreased by 95%, from more than one in ten deaths in the first year of life (100+ deaths per 1000 live births) to one in 200 deaths in the first year of life (5 deaths per 100 live births). This can be attributed to improved health education, public sanitation, improved medical diagnosis and improved support services for parents and new born babies. Most infant mortalities are caused by congenital malformations which are structural or functional anomalies which are present at the birth of a child, preventative causes of this disease are  improving the diet of women through their reproductive years, avoiding exposure to harsh environmental substances and improving vaccinations and health education. Information about the incidence and prevalence of the total population gives a broader perspective on the nation’s health than just the mortality statistics. Australia’s population has a lowering incidence of asthma and rising survival rate of cancer although since 1984 the incidence of five major cancers has risen (Breast, Prostrate, Melanoma, Colorectal and Lung) and a report from SMH in 2008 shows 7.4 million people are overweight or obese and the prevalence of diabetes climbs rapidly, along with these problems the amount of people affected by STI’s has risen to more than 230 per 100,000 people. According to AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) Australia is one of the healthiest nations in the world although Indigenous Australians lag behind in their health status. Australians live the second longest lives in world, behind Japan. The average Australian citizen will live to be 81.4 years old. And trends indicate that the expectancy of males and females is growing, since 2000 the life expectancy of males has grown from 77.4 years old to 79.7 years old, an increase of 2.3 years. The life expectancy of females since 2000 has grown from 82.6 up to 84.2, an increase of 1.6 years. This increase in the life expectancy of Australian residents indicates that their health is improving, with the help of increased knowledge and improved health services. Taking all of this information into account, using measures of epidemiology, the health status of Australians can be said to be relatively good compared with that of other nations. The improved health services and new discoveries in the health sector along with increased knowledge about health from the population also indicates that the health status of Australians may be improving. 2. Explain how health promotion, based on the Ottawa Charter, reflects social justice principles. Health promotion is a combination of science, medicine, practical skills and beliefs aimed at maintaining and improving the health of all people. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion promotes social justice as it incorporates the idea of giving all members of  the community access to health services and attempts to rule out inequities in differing communities. The Ottawa Charter does this through its five action areas: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. All five of these action areas provide a building block for health promotions. The four principles of social justice are: Equity, Access, Participation and Rights. The way equity is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter is through the action areas Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as these three areas bring together people onto an equal level and give specific help to those who need it, creating equity in communities. Access is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter t hrough the action area Reorient Health Services, as this area of the charter aims to bring together health services, governing bodies and other health professionals in an attempt to give more adequate access to health services to those who need it. Also reflected is Participation, which can be based on the Ottawa Charter action areas through Building Healthy Public Policy, Strengthen Community Action and Develop Personal Skills. This can be known as empowering the communities and bringing the communities the education and information needed to know more about their own health. Lastly, Rights is reflected in health promotion through the action areas Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as they attempt to give equitable opportunities for good health to all individuals. With these four social justice principles reflected in health promotion, the overall health of Australia can be improved, examples of this include: ‘Quit for you – Quit for two’ which promotes to pregnant women who smoke, who if they ceased their habit would be creating a more equal life for their expectant child and give them the right for an opportunity to good health. Another example would be the ‘Swap it’ campaign which aims at developing personal skills while creating equity through smart food choices. 3. Critically analyse how the action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through ONE health promotion initiative. â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† Campaign by the Cancer Council of Australia was created in 1980 and revolved around Sid the Seagull who gave a constant reminder of the easy ways that the population of Australia would be able to avoid skin cancer; slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on a hat. 27 year later the ad was upgraded to include; seek shade and slide on sunnies, thus creating the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† song. The campaign aims to lower the prevalence and incidence of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through this campaign. The action areas are: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. Building Healthy Public Policy- Policies have been created due to increased awareness attributed to the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† campaign; a commonly known policy would be the â€Å"No Hat, No Play† policy used in schools. This is used by teachers to protect children from skin cancer risks in the playground. Advantages of this would be that children will be increasingly protected and parents are given peace of mind, and no noticeable disadvantages are created by this policy. Create Supportive Environments- A noticeable environment change caused by the increased awareness of skin cancers would the addition of shaded areas to many public places. This creates an environment for the public population that is protected from harmful Ultraviolet sun rays. An advantage of this are that people can be outside but protected from skin cancer risks while a disadvantage would be that most of these shaded areas come at the expense of nature, eg- destruction of trees and/or other natural features. Strengthen Community Action- Two initiatives related to the ‘Slip Slop Slap† would be the introduction of Cancer Centres to many rural areas and the Relay for Life, which is about raising funds for the Cancer Council. These two initiatives can create awareness of skin cancer, while the former can save lives. Only advantages are created by these two initiatives, which are; increased knowledge, funds gained for research and practical use, the ability to detect cancers and save lives. Develop Personal Skills- The campaign of â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† uses a jingle to educate the Australian population. The TV ad itself is an educational video, which creates awareness of skin cancers in Australia. This leads to increased knowledge of how to protect yourself and others from skin cancers. An advantage of this is that the Australian public is being educated in their own home by the TV, although a disadvantage is that they do not know that  they are being directly educated. Reorient Health Services- A health service which has become operational due to increased awareness of skin cancers is the Skin Cancer @ Bondi checks, where on the beach at Bondi you can have a skin cancer check. This leads to a safer beach, as beachgoers can be precautious and have a skin cancer check. Advantages of this are that the population can be on the beach and get their skin checked at the same time as well as not have to book into a skin cancer centre for the check. A disadvantage may be that the check may not be a thorough as one performed in a more professional environment. Overall, the introduction of the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap† campaign and the readjustment to â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slid e† campaign has increased the awareness and knowledge of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter are relevant to the campaign and Australia’s health priorities.

Abraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality

Abraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY). However, after three semesters, he transferred to Cornell University then back to CCNY. Maslow attended City College in New York. His father hoped he would pursue law, but he went to graduate school at the†¦show more content†¦For example, in their extensive review of research that is dependent on Maslow s theory, Wabha and Bridwell (1976) found little evidence for the ranking of needs that Maslow described, or even for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all. Some have argued that Maslow was unconsciously naive about elitist elements in his theories. As one critic poses, What real individuals, living in what real societies, working at what real jobs, and earning what real income have any chance at all of becoming self-actualizers? Some behaviorists believe that self-actualization is a difficult concept for researchers to operationalize, and this in turn makes it difficult to test Maslow s theory. Even if self-actualization is a useful concept, some contend that there is no proof that every individual has this capacity or even the goal to achieve it. In 1967, Abraham Maslow was named humanist of the year by the American Humanist Association. That same year he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. Maslow played a major role in organizing both the Journal of Humanistic Psychology and the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. In 1969, Abraham Maslow, Stanislav Grof and Anthony Sutich were the initiators behind the publication of the first issue of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. This outgrowth of Maslow s work, TranspersonalShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. 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Jackson Kruger. Mrs. Hooks. English 11. 29 January 2017.

Jackson Kruger Mrs. Hooks English 11 29 January 2017 The Right to Live Abortion is one of the most controversial issues among American Citizens. Many Americans believe that life begins when a child is conceived while others insist that a child is not alive until a few months into the pregnancy. Although supporters for abortion agree that life begins during a few months into the pregnancy, they support abortion until around twenty-two weeks. This contradiction of beliefs among abortion supporters sparks anger with those who are pro-life. This argument between pro-life and pro-choice has continued on for a long span of time although there are many arguments for pro-life that need to end this debate. Abortion has been a major issue in†¦show more content†¦The United States Supreme Court ruling in this case legalized abortion with some restrictions. For example, in the first trimester a state is not allowed to impose any restriction on abortion. In the second trimester, the state could impose regulations only to protect the health of the mother. In the third trimester, a state could prevent abortions except for in the case of saving a mother’s life (â€Å"Abortion History Timeline†). Roe v. Wade is the last major event that occurred in the history of abortion, and the Supreme Court’s decision still stands to this day. Although abortion is obviously wrong, history proves that the pro-life supporters have been losing a battle even with all the evidence against this issue. While few pro-choice arguments exist, all of them are easily broken down when looked at logically. For example, most supporters of abortion will argue that pregnancy caused by rape is a reason for abortion. Although this has some truth in it, the number of women who get pregnant from rape in America is insignificant therefore abortion does not need to be legalized for all women. Also, adoption is a more humane option, and this choice prevents the cruel murder of a baby. Those who are pro-choice will also try to argue that abortion is a right given to them by the Supreme Court and the constitution. While the government did give women the right to end their pregnancy, an unborn child is a human being in the eyes of the

Comparing Marxist Tradition With French Tradition - 847 Words

Comparing and Contrasting Marxist Tradition With French Tradition: Essay #2 Karl Marx was probably the first theorist to identify significantly with key features of all three traditions (Levine 212), and while he did identify with all three, the French Tradition seemed to mesh with Marx more than the other two traditions. The Marxist Tradition, and the French Tradition compare and contrast due to their similar views of â€Å"perfect† society, politics, and freedom within a society. The idea of a â€Å"perfect† society sounds grand, but according to Karl Marx this was impossible, unless we have reached the end of history. According to our notes, â€Å"Marxists believe there is no such thing as a good society in history. Morality is nothing but an ideology in which capitalists use to mask, hide, or disguise the process of exploitation.† (Wed. 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The Need for Better Mental Health Care Free Essays

Introduction Many individuals who woke up this morning wished that they should have never done so at all. There are those who are about to go to bed praying that they will not have any more tomorrows to face. While some who are at work, sitting through their classes at school, or fixing their children’s lunches are wondering what have become of their lives and what more potential does the bleak future offer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Better Mental Health Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, there are those whose family and friends are mourning already, never quite understanding why an apparently healthy human being would end his own life. One common thread unites all these people and events: mental depression. This paper looks at the need for more mental health care services in order to better help people suffering from this condition and thus provide hope for them and for their families. Gravity of Mental Illness Few individuals realize the gravity of a mental illness such as depression in another human’s life. For some, the state of being depressed is a choice, and a person can easily â€Å"snap out of it† if only they would think positively and cut all the drama. Mental illnesses just like depression, is a medical condition, an actual disease of the mind that is not easily fixed with mere will power. People sick with flu or colds are not asked to cure themselves, hence, why should depressed individuals bear their sufferings alone and without any care? It is a relief, nonetheless, that depression is not anymore new. Millions of individuals have it and millions are also seeking the necessary treatment and medication to get on with their lives. However, recognizing and acknowledging the problem, as opposed to ignoring it, is the first step towards recovery. From the early philosophers, scholars and scientists’ perspectives, depression is a mystery caused by unknown powers in the universe. Based from early accounts, depressed or melancholic people demonstrate bizarre behavior, in which nobody could pinpoint the reason behind. Symptoms range from extreme sadness and lack of zeal in life to drastic mood changes. With the gradual development of modern scientific processes and correspondence among experts, specialists were able to define depression, identified its symptoms, and tried to discover its causes and remedies. Mental Health Facilities Traditional psychiatric hospitals and private psychiatrists and psychologists have been unable to meet the growing need for mental health services. The trend has been to develop local mental health clinics that offer the services of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, psychiatric nurses, family therapists and others. Emergency help is rendered to persons with acute mental disorders as well as to persons with chronic emotional problems. Short-term counselling and psychotherapy are usually provided. Programs are planned to deal with problems involving school, family, marriage partners, drug and alcohol abuse, and adolescence. Night clinics and suicide prevention centers are often established if a need exists. A person in need of immediate assistance is frequently helped by phone â€Å"hotline† services, manned by counselors and others, such as trained volunteers. Many non-traditional facilities have been established to meet the needs of local area. An example of such a facility is a psychiatric day care center which was developed in a sparsely populated rural area in Michigan. Lacking funds to support a traditional psychiatric day care center, a psychiatric nursing consultant sought lay volunteers and used facilities in a community church to set up a program. This program was designed to maintain and support persons referred by the local hospital psychiatric service and the community mental health center outpatient service. The nurse spent two hours one day a week as a group therapist. She also acted as a consultant to the volunteers. The program successfully met its objectives. It has grown from one group and one volunteer to three groups and thirty volunteers. Person-Centered Therapy Person-centered therapy is differentiated from other forms of therapy because of its â€Å"focus on the importance of the therapeutic relationship for effective therapy† (Josefowitz Myran 2005). The person-centered approach was founded by acclaimed American counselor and psychotherapist, Carl Rogers (Kirschenbaum 2004). Early during his career, Rogers witnessed how stubborn a client could become and all together reject therapy even if it is for his betterment. He then saw that patients could resist â€Å"even the most skilful therapist intervention† if such intervention is against his wish or purpose. Rogers realized the loopholes in the popular practices of his times for failing to incite effective client participation. He pondered on a new approach based on his understanding that â€Å"it is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been deeply buried.† Rogers was the first to employ the â€Å"non-directive† approach. It was a unique method where the counselor does not question, interpret, advice, suggest or offer any directive remarks on the patient, he only listens. The therapist carefully reflect the patient’s thoughts back to him, with the idea of helping him realize his issues and then decide on his own the direction of his self-actualization. It was this non-directive method that applied the initiative that persons going into psychotherapies are not helpless individuals at the mere mercy of their psychotherapists’ designs. Clients can wilfully determine how their treatment should go because they are â€Å"responsible clients† who knows what aspects of their lives and personality need to be treated. His method has such respect for its patients that it assumes the key to a person’s self-actualization lies on the person and not on external influences (therapists or counselors). One of Roger’s important ideas that still have its impact today and is crucial to the personal approach is that a â€Å"counselor’s attitude is as important as his techniques† (Kirschenbaum 2004) Depression as a Mental Health Issue Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health medical cases in the United States today with about 18 million Americans or 9.5 percent of the population affected. The problem of depression is not to be taken lightly, nor set aside as sheer caprice of a problematic person. Medical institutions including the United State’s National Institute of Mental Health declared it as a serious â€Å"real illness,† not just because of its prevalence, but also because of its effect on the lives of the afflicted individuals. Monetary expenses is a give fact when seeking treatment for depression, yet the heavier costs are those that concerns the pains of the individuals, the drudgery they have to face everyday, and the corresponding effect of the situation to their friends and loved ones. Depression has already been observed since the ancient times, even during the prehistoric times. Real efforts to comprehend depression were only apparently undertaken during the time of the Hellenistic Greeks. Later part of history revealed that the growth of psychiatric or psychological science was hampered due to society’s closed mindedness and lack of concern for the mentally ill. Nevertheless, with the sporadic studies now and then, it was discovered that depression was once called â€Å"melancholia† and scientists made quite commendable documentation of the symptoms they observed among melancholic persons (Hollon, 2002). The causes of depression are often summarized into the three classifications of neurobiology, genetics and environment. Neurobiological factors pertain to the abnormalities in neurotransmitters and hormones that affect mood, manner of handling stress, and perspective of traumatic situations. Genetics, as the name implies, refers to the inheritance of potential depression-causing gene traits within the family. There is no solid proof of the existence of this gene so far, although there are relevant studies made to suggest that genetics may indeed play a role. Besides the number of cases of within-family depression speaks for itself. The last factor, triggers environmental depression brought about by emotionally taxing events that are not easily forgotten or set aside, so that it comes to haunt the person and affect his normal life. Depression may also be learned when the thought of powerlessness is so internalised. The person feels depressed with that thought that whatever actions will not merit any change or improvement. Conclusion Health Plans generally fall into three categories based on how they are organized to deliver/pay for care. HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) deliver services through provider networks and may use a member’s primary care provider as a ‘gatekeeper’ to more specialized services. PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizations) generally allow access to any provider, with some cost savings to a member for using providers in the network. Indemnity plans are traditional insurance products with defined cash payments, and no network limitations. At present, prevalent types of Health Plans are HMOs and PPOs   (Health Plan). Effective policy and decision-making cannot be made in a vacuum, and is committed to providing the most comprehensive data possible. Taking that into consideration, public Health Plan performance must be well studied and its data analyzed. The HMO as well as other health care delivery systems must unite in order to address this issue since they are all important and adequate means of health care for many consumers with mental health problems. REFERENCES Beck. A. (1967). Depression. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Grnblatt, E. (2006, November 3). Depression; New depression research has been reported   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by scientists at Ludwig Boltzmann Institute. Genomics Genetics Weekly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved Feb. 8, 2007   http://proquest.umi.com/ pqdweb?did=1151092561Fmt=3clientId=11123RQT=309VName=PQD Hollon, D.S., Thase, M.E. Markowitz, J.C. (2002, November). Treatment and Prevention of Depression. Psychological Science, 3,   39. Retrieved Feb. 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=233500451sid=5Fmt=2cli entId=11123RQT=309VName=PQD How to cite The Need for Better Mental Health Care, Essay examples

Googles Issues Of Russian Advertisements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Google's Issues Of Russian Advertisements. Answer: Introduction In the beginning of October, Google Inc. released its sustainability report of 2016 and it described the year as a landmark year. Google has always been trying to progress on objectives to meet the environmental issues. Google does an excellent job in providing high-speed data solutions to the users and Google uses many cloud platforms that users can utilise technologies. In this regard, each of the organisations has its own responsibility in corporate culture and work. Google as technology giant in technology cannot overlook its approach in mitigating risks in technology. In this report, the case of Google's issues of Russian advertisements on Google will be described. At first, Google was not frank in speaking about Russian ads on Google in a sustainability report. Google was silent on the issue of Russian ads and the process of addressing the solution. This case is related to the business ethics of Google as Google is treated as one of the transparent organisations in the world. Google's sustainable report must have focused about Russian ads issue that was predominant in most of 2016 during Russian election. Google is in an ethical dilemma when other media houses revealed that Russian-bought advertisements were mainly placed on YouTube, Gmail and other Google-based platforms. Businesses must be ethical and it must follow corporate citizenship. Holistic concept of ethical practices of corporate culture follows as for how the company ensures process and policies. In case of Google, most of the stakeholders are not aware of the semantics that Google is using. Google packages its corporate responsibility as sustainability and it proposes corporate citizenship. Users of Google want to know that Google should be more transparent in corporate governance performance and company's social responsibility practices. In the computerisation of digital advertising, technologies are the main responsible for running ads. Technologies and the experts decide in appearing of the ads in web pages. Google has been performing in this field and it is called programmatic advertising. It is billion dollar industry as the internet is one of the vast media that can attract people. Google has its responsibility to maintain corporate ethics in running the ads. Now the fundamental shifting has been noticed in reaching the users. Google decides where the ads will be running and data of audiences decide the factors. However, with great power, there comes great responsibility. Google does not use infrastructure of digital advertising and Google is not managing the inventory that comes enough in making the data available. In case of Russian ads, when people clicked on the advertisement link, it automatically installed on the system of the users. Google tried to remove the ads, however, for a couple of days, it was not possible for them. Google, however, launched an investigation of the Russian ads. It was clear that one Russian firm took the responsibility to influence the people during Russian election. Google could not disseminate misinformation easily when it invaded users systems. Case description Google identified in ad buys by Russian accounts which had used in Google advertisements and YouTube video to spread misinformation about Russian election. These accounts had also been used for sowing the discord in politics of America. Google provides advertisements services and it is billion dollars industry in digital marketing section. Google has been using modern technologies in identifying the accounts which have been posted for the advertisements (Byers 2017). However, some of the Russia based accounts posted misinformation in YouTube and Google advertisements and in DoubleClick platforms in order to push divisive campaigns on various issues like gun rights and race immigration in America. However, Google could not identify the Google accounts which had done the wrong deeds. In the later time, Google team has identified that most of the accounts are related to the Internet Research Agency and it is based on Kremlin-link Troll Farm. Troll Farm is associated with buying ads for social media, Facebook and Twitter. However, in the previous time, Google has averred that it could not find any links of misrepresentation in advertisements and they were unable to find any links (Csrhub.com 2017). However, Google also said that they are not sure about linking with IRA and these accounts can extend beyond the Twitter and Facebook. In case of Facebook, these advertisements reached 10 million people. It has been clear that most of the advertisements reached a maximum number of people. In case of Google, it tries to make transparent in works of business. Google has two separate policies in order to deal with the account creating and for the one who can buy advertisements. Therefore, it gets harder for Google to police accounts that created for advertisements or YouTube campaigns, maybe, these accounts are not paying money to advertise. Google has been facing these issues as people are making free accounts for Gmail activities, however, people are using those accounts to promote their business using those free accounts (Kaye 2017). Moreover, Google spokesperson Mrs Faville rightly opined that Google has policies and limit in political campaigning and religion campaigning on Google page. Like other social networking sites, Google's parent organisation Alphabet had to agree to publicly testify the hearing in front o f House Intelligence Committee and Senate. Facebook identified approximately 470 accounts that shared misinformation of Russian election and religious fervour of American; they demanded that most of the accounts used Gmail to log in to Facebook (Theguardian.com 2017). Google is the one who is to blame by the media as it is the largest online advertisement seller in the world. Google must have a team who can scrutinise the content of the advertisement before it rolls out in public. Google must have the corporate responsibility as it is related to cybersecurity and ethics. Google has more than 40% revenue in digital marketing only in the USA and this is related to YouTube videos and Google advertisements. Google should have tracked the misuse of the platforms and Business ethics should have followed (The Verge 2017). Google demands that it has transparent work culture and it follows corporate responsibility strictly, however, the biased advertisements of politics and religion based ads spread without Google notice. Google investigated the matter and it emphasised especially on the advertisements which cost less than $100,000 (Wang 2017). Google is not sure that all the advertisements came from Troll Farms or it came from a different origin. Some of the media strictly criticised Google and referred that Google does not do scrutiny of the accounts. Facebook published more than 3000 Russian ads publicly and these ads are done by Russian government-affiliated Troll Farm. The incident of Russian ads makes one thing clear that Russian online platform can influence many of the American technology in misleading the online services and platforms. Stakeholders of the Google Inc. are various as they are mainly group based and they share the interest. Google takes corporate responsibilities for the stakeholders. Stakeholders of the Google are users, employees, investors, governments, communities and advertisers and other consumers (Washingtonpost.com 2017). Google is technological giant and it reaches almost all counties in the world. Google's top priority stakeholders are employees as they run the originations. Google takes various measures in order to improve the condition of the employees. Second most important stakeholder of Google is an advertiser. Advertisers are the main sources of Google to generate revenue of the organisation. These stakeholders are mostly interested in having effective services from Google. In this case, Google provides advantages to the advertisers and advertisers are taking this benefit and spreading cybercrime. Business ethics of Google is being violated as corporate responsibility towards the socie ty may not be followed by Google. Google's code of conduct' says don't be evil' and Google's main aim is to provide unbiased access to information to the users. Following the law and regulation in respective countries is important and Google sets high practical and inspirational reasons to be loyal to the users. Analysis of ethical issues In business ethics, there are two types of ethics that are followed in business decision-making concept. In descriptive ethics, it attempts to explain moral systems of societies and groups and it uncovers mainly the moral beliefs of individuals. Descriptive ethics is related to the values, ethical ideas, wrong and right behaviours or actions and moral systems (Crane and Matten 2016). In normative ethics, it is related to main actions that are wrong or right. In this case, Google collects huge amounts of data on the users who use the search engine. Google stores the records of users' search history in order to develop the corporate efficiency. Google keeps the records of the users for more than nine months and then they get deleted. Google became awestruck when it came to know that social networking services and online paid platforms were deeply manipulated by the Russian government. Google asks its employees to follow the code of conducts and Google has its ethics and compliance help line. Google also asks the employees not to violate the laws and regulations. In an organisation, corporate ethics are related to the integrity of employees andmanagement must be honest to deal with the situation. Themanagement has to stand on what is right. Moreover, as opined by Trevino and Nelson (2016),management or board of directors must show respect to employees and stakeholders with fairness and dignity. Ethics is also associated with the employees' accountable for actions and commitments towards the organisation (Fifka 2013). In addition, organisations are treated as responsible citizens and it should follow the rules and laws in each country where it operates. In case of Google, it also follows the rules and regulations; however, it does not keep track of the accounts of the users. The Troll Farm of the Russia used the trench of Googles regulation and misled the people. Organisations try to promote associate awareness and commit to conducting the business in highest ethical standards. Google also follows the compliance policy and adheres to the code of ethics in pertinent regulations and business. Some of the organisations do ethics training for themanagement in order to understand the ethical needs and it is to ensure that organisations should do business ethically. As stated by Bowie (2017), Google prohibits retaliation for any employees who can participate in possible violation and investigation process. Google follows the ethics in serving the users and it provides high standards services to the users. Google has ethics in integrity and users trust the name of Google. Google trusts the users and it strives to earn more trust with communicating with the users. Google also tries to provide services that are useful to the users and Google has various types of users (Leipziger 2017). However, Google should have systems to track the users' activities in order to identify them. Most importantly, Google remembers that they ask for users' information, however, preserving someone's data is related to the privacy policy. Google does not share the data with any third party users and unauthorised access is strictly prohibited. Google follows freedom of expression and it tries to advance in the privacy policy and free of expression. It tries to implement it in the world as it tries to develop it in around the world. Moreover, Google has been facing issues in cybersecurity as responsiveness is needed and strict scrutiny can solve the issue (Ferrel and Fraedirch 2015). User's content and advertisements must come under the vigilance of Google team. In case of Google's incident of Russian ads that reached millions of people. Russian advertiser who bought these ads was connected to the Kremlin. The impact of the significant breach of the regulations posed by Google was on mainly Google itself as from the perspectives of worldwide media; Google is now ethical breached organisation. People now believe that Google's vigilance can be breached easily (Blowfield and Murray 2014). This incident imposed the negative impact on Google as the sustainable policy of Google now is in question and efficiency of Google's team is at stake as Google took a few months to identify the accounts (Weiss 2014). Google took help of Facebook in order to identify the accounts and its link up with Russian agency. Another stakeholder of this incident who has been facing negative impact was American political party for whom these ads were running. Russian Troll Farm proved that Google can be fooled and it was a moral win for them to run the ad campaign withou t notice of the Google. As stated by Hoffman et al. (2014), businesses command huge resources and it can impact on society. Each business has a social responsibility and Google has been following this since long. However, there are grey areas in the business and in this case; management has to provide the best judgement. Incorporate security, the organisation itself does not share any information of the clients. Managers of the business should not make promises to the shareholders in many cases. The primacy of consequentialist ground, as opined by Hartman et al. (2014), firms should be managed in the interest of shareholders, not in the interest of managers' themselves. As stated in the stakeholders' theory, managers should not run the business only on the benefits of shareholders; managers need to make balance in the interests of all stakeholders. Recommendations Business transformation programmes Google is a large organisation and even if it wants to make some organisational changes initiatives, it would not be easy. The company has been following the same Codes of Practices for long and Google can warp ethical climate by putting stress on change the top. Leaders in the Google need to understand the stakeholders' interests and it would be lucrative for them to have business transformation programme. Leaders may have a conflict of interests and some leaders may counter values. In ethical dilemma and breach of ethics that come from stakeholders, Google needs to take strong standpoint and transformation or alteration of policies would be beneficial for them. In order to be the sustainable organisation, Google needs to identify the benefits. The investment, philanthropy and the corporate social responsibility; each part of the business must be highlighted. Google should highlight those issues and business transformation will be successful through these. Engage the stakeholders Google has the corporate responsibility as Google thinks itself as one of the leaders in corporate citizenship. In this regard, stakeholders' engagement is important. In stakeholders' theory, it is mentioned that while making the policies of the organisation, each of the stakeholders' interests should be checked. Stakeholders' may come from different cultures and ethical issues can be profoundly difficult. Stakeholders' engagement makes the communication easy and it can provide benefits to the organisation and also to stakeholders. Russian Troll Farm's ethical breach to Google could be avoided if the stakeholders' engagement was there with the viable plan. Business ethics is basically normative and vast choices of decisions need to take in making an ultimate decision. Google needs to be more transparent in publishing a report to the stakeholders as entire business process and sustainability are prescribed in this report. Google should let the stakeholders know about their expectation s. Establish systems and process Google knows where it stands in the market and it knows what really matters to them. In this scenario, as Google is in the technological field, it needs to improve systems and process. Google's account making system should be more secure. Using Google's accounts, users can easily post advertisements and Google cannot identify the accounts. Google needs to ban the accounts as well as the misrepresented advertisements also. Systems and process of technology and organisation running procedure should be renewed. More transparent and ethical work can be progressed through refurbishing of the systems. Collaboration must be facilitated with an implementation of new initiatives. Conclusion It has been observed that Google did not breach any regulations; however, some weak policies of Google made it easier for Russian Troll Farm to post the advertisement on Russian politics. Google's account making policy should be revised. Google avoided this issue when it published it sustainable report at the end of 2016, however, they should have published this issue and made everything transparent. People should know the actual issue what had happened. Google mainly follow principles of serving the users, respect the stakeholders, preserve confidentiality, protect Google's assets and obey the law and regulations. The Government can also use Google information in order to investigate any case. Moreover, Google makes the free million of books online and many publishers made a lawsuit against Google in digitalising any information. In this way, Google tries to make happy the stakeholders in recent view of corporate responsibility. In this case, Google found out that Russian agents pur chased ads on from wide ranges of a network during 2016 presidential election. The theoretical perspectives of the business ethics are related to the normative ethics and it is regulated as the academic discipline. In business ethics, there are varieties of disciplines that are related to corporate ethics, philosophy, economics, psychology and public policy. In normative ethics, the management of business makes some assumptions in an economic framework. The management makes assumptions that buyers and sellers of any services can mutually determine decisions. In case of Google, allocation of a team with the resources must be done perfectly that should not have any debate that can be misguided. Google is for-profit organisation and it has mainly philanthropic approach in funding new companies and it makes a bond with novel technologies with investors. Moreover, Google Google's lobby Congress makes legislation in favour of the social issues. Google's corporate sustainability cannot be broken in such manner; however, it should make some policies to battle with the risks. Corporate responsibility is s high risk and Google knows that their Code of Conduct may not solve the ethical issues that might come up. In this respect, Google has to tell all the employees being alert in every choice they make. Organisations itself is a moral individual and it describes the moral agency to describe decision-making structure. It is related to the cause-events to happen and the organisation can act intentionally. In order to stop such inconvenience in future, Google needs to modify the Code of Conducts along with the policy. Google's accounts are free; however, it can apply more security inte rface within this. Google can join in any trade association with integrating corporate culture. References Byers, D. 2017.Google has found Russian ads related to 2016 election. CNNMoney. Available at: https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/09/media/google-russia-ads/index.html [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. CSRHub - Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsiblity (CSR) ratings on over 17,580 of the worlds largest public and private companies.CSR information for Google, Inc.. Available at: https://www.csrhub.com/CSR_and_sustainability_information/Google-Inc [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Kaye, L. 2017.Google Posts Sustainability Update, Yet Lacks Frankness on Russia Ads. Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit. Available at: https://www.triplepundit.com/2017/10/google-posts-sustainability-update-yet-lacks-frankness-russia-ads/ [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Sweney, M. and Hern, A. 2017.Google ad controversy: what the row is all about. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/17/youtube-and-google-search-for-answers [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. The Verge. 2017.Google has reportedly found Russia-linked ads on YouTube, Gmail, and search. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446970/google-russia-ads-youtube-gmail [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. 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Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. London: Oxford University Press. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. London: Nelson Education. Fifka, M.S., 2013. Corporate responsibility reporting and its determinants in comparative perspectivea review of the empirical literature and a meta?analysis.Business strategy and the environment,22(1), pp.1-35. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Leipziger, D., 2017.The corporate responsibility code book. London: Routledge. Lin, H.C., Lin, H.C., Wang, C.S., Wang, C.S., Wu, R.S. and Wu, R.S., 2017. Does corporate ethics help investors forecast future earnings?.Social Responsibility Journal,13(1), pp.62-77. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016.Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. London: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.